% Options for packages loaded elsewhere
% Options for packages loaded elsewhere
\PassOptionsToPackage{unicode}{hyperref}
\PassOptionsToPackage{hyphens}{url}
\PassOptionsToPackage{dvipsnames,svgnames,x11names}{xcolor}
%
\documentclass[
  9pt,
  a4paper,
]{article}
\usepackage{xcolor}
\usepackage[top=30mm,left=25mm,heightrounded]{geometry}
\usepackage{amsmath,amssymb}
\setcounter{secnumdepth}{3}
\usepackage{iftex}
\ifPDFTeX
  \usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
  \usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
  \usepackage{textcomp} % provide euro and other symbols
\else % if luatex or xetex
  \usepackage{unicode-math} % this also loads fontspec
  \defaultfontfeatures{Scale=MatchLowercase}
  \defaultfontfeatures[\rmfamily]{Ligatures=TeX,Scale=1}
\fi
\usepackage{lmodern}
\ifPDFTeX\else
  % xetex/luatex font selection
  \setmainfont[]{Le Monde Journal Std}
\fi
% Use upquote if available, for straight quotes in verbatim environments
\IfFileExists{upquote.sty}{\usepackage{upquote}}{}
\IfFileExists{microtype.sty}{% use microtype if available
  \usepackage[]{microtype}
  \UseMicrotypeSet[protrusion]{basicmath} % disable protrusion for tt fonts
}{}
\makeatletter
\@ifundefined{KOMAClassName}{% if non-KOMA class
  \IfFileExists{parskip.sty}{%
    \usepackage{parskip}
  }{% else
    \setlength{\parindent}{0pt}
    \setlength{\parskip}{6pt plus 2pt minus 1pt}}
}{% if KOMA class
  \KOMAoptions{parskip=half}}
\makeatother
% Make \paragraph and \subparagraph free-standing
\makeatletter
\ifx\paragraph\undefined\else
  \let\oldparagraph\paragraph
  \renewcommand{\paragraph}{
    \@ifstar
      \xxxParagraphStar
      \xxxParagraphNoStar
  }
  \newcommand{\xxxParagraphStar}[1]{\oldparagraph*{#1}\mbox{}}
  \newcommand{\xxxParagraphNoStar}[1]{\oldparagraph{#1}\mbox{}}
\fi
\ifx\subparagraph\undefined\else
  \let\oldsubparagraph\subparagraph
  \renewcommand{\subparagraph}{
    \@ifstar
      \xxxSubParagraphStar
      \xxxSubParagraphNoStar
  }
  \newcommand{\xxxSubParagraphStar}[1]{\oldsubparagraph*{#1}\mbox{}}
  \newcommand{\xxxSubParagraphNoStar}[1]{\oldsubparagraph{#1}\mbox{}}
\fi
\makeatother


\usepackage{longtable,booktabs,array}
\usepackage{calc} % for calculating minipage widths
% Correct order of tables after \paragraph or \subparagraph
\usepackage{etoolbox}
\makeatletter
\patchcmd\longtable{\par}{\if@noskipsec\mbox{}\fi\par}{}{}
\makeatother
% Allow footnotes in longtable head/foot
\IfFileExists{footnotehyper.sty}{\usepackage{footnotehyper}}{\usepackage{footnote}}
\makesavenoteenv{longtable}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\makeatletter
\newsavebox\pandoc@box
\newcommand*\pandocbounded[1]{% scales image to fit in text height/width
  \sbox\pandoc@box{#1}%
  \Gscale@div\@tempa{\textheight}{\dimexpr\ht\pandoc@box+\dp\pandoc@box\relax}%
  \Gscale@div\@tempb{\linewidth}{\wd\pandoc@box}%
  \ifdim\@tempb\p@<\@tempa\p@\let\@tempa\@tempb\fi% select the smaller of both
  \ifdim\@tempa\p@<\p@\scalebox{\@tempa}{\usebox\pandoc@box}%
  \else\usebox{\pandoc@box}%
  \fi%
}
% Set default figure placement to htbp
\def\fps@figure{htbp}
\makeatother


% definitions for citeproc citations
\NewDocumentCommand\citeproctext{}{}
\NewDocumentCommand\citeproc{mm}{%
  \begingroup\def\citeproctext{#2}\cite{#1}\endgroup}
\makeatletter
 % allow citations to break across lines
 \let\@cite@ofmt\@firstofone
 % avoid brackets around text for \cite:
 \def\@biblabel#1{}
 \def\@cite#1#2{{#1\if@tempswa , #2\fi}}
\makeatother
\newlength{\cslhangindent}
\setlength{\cslhangindent}{1.5em}
\newlength{\csllabelwidth}
\setlength{\csllabelwidth}{3em}
\newenvironment{CSLReferences}[2] % #1 hanging-indent, #2 entry-spacing
 {\begin{list}{}{%
  \setlength{\itemindent}{0pt}
  \setlength{\leftmargin}{0pt}
  \setlength{\parsep}{0pt}
  % turn on hanging indent if param 1 is 1
  \ifodd #1
   \setlength{\leftmargin}{\cslhangindent}
   \setlength{\itemindent}{-1\cslhangindent}
  \fi
  % set entry spacing
  \setlength{\itemsep}{#2\baselineskip}}}
 {\end{list}}
\usepackage{calc}
\newcommand{\CSLBlock}[1]{\hfill\break\parbox[t]{\linewidth}{\strut\ignorespaces#1\strut}}
\newcommand{\CSLLeftMargin}[1]{\parbox[t]{\csllabelwidth}{\strut#1\strut}}
\newcommand{\CSLRightInline}[1]{\parbox[t]{\linewidth - \csllabelwidth}{\strut#1\strut}}
\newcommand{\CSLIndent}[1]{\hspace{\cslhangindent}#1}



\setlength{\emergencystretch}{3em} % prevent overfull lines

\providecommand{\tightlist}{%
  \setlength{\itemsep}{0pt}\setlength{\parskip}{0pt}}



 


\usepackage{fancyhdr}
\usepackage[nodayofweek, level]{datetime}
\pagestyle{fancy}
\fancyhead[L]{\nouppercase{\leftmark}}
\fancyhead[R]{\includegraphics[height=7mm,keepaspectratio]{uvalogo.pdf}}
\fancyheadoffset[L,R]{10mm}
\fancyfootoffset[L,R]{10mm}
\fancyfoot[R]{Academic Year 2024-2025\\Print date: \today}
\fancyfoot[L]{Course: SSB\\Programme: MA European Policy}
\fancyfoot[C]{\thepage}
\renewcommand{\sectionmark}[1]{\markboth{#1}{}}
\renewcommand{\footrulewidth}{0.4pt}
\usepackage{titling}
\makeatletter
\@ifpackageloaded{tcolorbox}{}{\usepackage[skins,breakable]{tcolorbox}}
\@ifpackageloaded{fontawesome5}{}{\usepackage{fontawesome5}}
\definecolor{quarto-callout-color}{HTML}{909090}
\definecolor{quarto-callout-note-color}{HTML}{0758E5}
\definecolor{quarto-callout-important-color}{HTML}{CC1914}
\definecolor{quarto-callout-warning-color}{HTML}{EB9113}
\definecolor{quarto-callout-tip-color}{HTML}{00A047}
\definecolor{quarto-callout-caution-color}{HTML}{FC5300}
\definecolor{quarto-callout-color-frame}{HTML}{acacac}
\definecolor{quarto-callout-note-color-frame}{HTML}{4582ec}
\definecolor{quarto-callout-important-color-frame}{HTML}{d9534f}
\definecolor{quarto-callout-warning-color-frame}{HTML}{f0ad4e}
\definecolor{quarto-callout-tip-color-frame}{HTML}{02b875}
\definecolor{quarto-callout-caution-color-frame}{HTML}{fd7e14}
\makeatother
\makeatletter
\@ifpackageloaded{caption}{}{\usepackage{caption}}
\AtBeginDocument{%
\ifdefined\contentsname
  \renewcommand*\contentsname{Table of contents}
\else
  \newcommand\contentsname{Table of contents}
\fi
\ifdefined\listfigurename
  \renewcommand*\listfigurename{List of Figures}
\else
  \newcommand\listfigurename{List of Figures}
\fi
\ifdefined\listtablename
  \renewcommand*\listtablename{List of Tables}
\else
  \newcommand\listtablename{List of Tables}
\fi
\ifdefined\figurename
  \renewcommand*\figurename{Figure}
\else
  \newcommand\figurename{Figure}
\fi
\ifdefined\tablename
  \renewcommand*\tablename{Table}
\else
  \newcommand\tablename{Table}
\fi
}
\@ifpackageloaded{float}{}{\usepackage{float}}
\floatstyle{ruled}
\@ifundefined{c@chapter}{\newfloat{codelisting}{h}{lop}}{\newfloat{codelisting}{h}{lop}[chapter]}
\floatname{codelisting}{Listing}
\newcommand*\listoflistings{\listof{codelisting}{List of Listings}}
\makeatother
\makeatletter
\makeatother
\makeatletter
\@ifpackageloaded{caption}{}{\usepackage{caption}}
\@ifpackageloaded{subcaption}{}{\usepackage{subcaption}}
\makeatother
\makeatletter
\@ifpackageloaded{sidenotes}{}{\usepackage{sidenotes}}
\@ifpackageloaded{marginnote}{}{\usepackage{marginnote}}
\makeatother
\usepackage{bookmark}
\IfFileExists{xurl.sty}{\usepackage{xurl}}{} % add URL line breaks if available
\urlstyle{same}
\hypersetup{
  pdftitle={Skills Seminar Brussels},
  pdfauthor={Jamal Shahin; Gertjan Hoetjes},
  colorlinks=true,
  linkcolor={blue},
  filecolor={Maroon},
  citecolor={Blue},
  urlcolor={Blue},
  pdfcreator={LaTeX via pandoc}}


\title{Skills Seminar Brussels}
\usepackage{etoolbox}
\makeatletter
\providecommand{\subtitle}[1]{% add subtitle to \maketitle
  \apptocmd{\@title}{\par {\large #1 \par}}{}{}
}
\makeatother
\subtitle{Block 3, 2024-2025}
% \subtitle{Document version: 1.2 (final)}
\date{8th August, 2024}
\pretitle{\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=2in,height=2in]{uvalogo.pdf}\LARGE\\}
\posttitle{\end{center}}

\begin{document}
\maketitle

\renewcommand*\contentsname{Table of contents}
{
\hypersetup{linkcolor=}
\setcounter{tocdepth}{2}
\tableofcontents
}
\listoftables

\section{Course details}\label{course-details}

\begin{tcolorbox}[enhanced jigsaw, toprule=.15mm, colframe=quarto-callout-important-color-frame, opacitybacktitle=0.6, leftrule=.75mm, toptitle=1mm, colback=white, colbacktitle=quarto-callout-important-color!10!white, left=2mm, bottomtitle=1mm, coltitle=black, opacityback=0, breakable, titlerule=0mm, arc=.35mm, title={Course information}, rightrule=.15mm, bottomrule=.15mm]

\begin{itemize}
\tightlist
\item
  Course title: \textbf{Skills Seminar Brussels}
\item
  Course code: \textbf{142410236Y}
\item
  Course session: \textbf{Block 3, 2024-2025}
\item
  Course convenors: \textbf{Gertjan Hoetjes, Jamal Shahin}
\item
  \href{https://bit.ly/4dbpqnn}{Studiegids link}
\item
  \href{https://bit.ly/4bTKCx2}{Canvas link}
\end{itemize}

Contact details Gertjan Hoetjes

\begin{itemize}
\tightlist
\item
  Location: BH, E0.14a
\item
  Office hours: immediately after class and by appointment
\item
  Email:
  \href{mailto:g.j.hoetjes@uva.nl}{\nolinkurl{g.j.hoetjes@uva.nl}}
\item
  WWW: \url{https://www.uva.nl/profiel/h/o/g.j.hoetjes/g.j.hoetjes.html}
\item
  WhatsApp: +31647317256
\end{itemize}

Contact details Jamal Shahin

\begin{itemize}
\tightlist
\item
  Location: BH, G2.01b
\item
  Office hours: immediately after class and by appointment
\item
  Email:
  \href{mailto:jamal.shahin@uva.nl}{\nolinkurl{jamal.shahin@uva.nl}}
\item
  WWW: \url{https://www.uva.nl/profiel/s/h/j.b.shahin/j.b.shahin.html}
\item
  WhatsApp: +32474480974
\end{itemize}

Read and re-read this course manual very carefully. To avoid email
overload, it should be noted that \textbf{many questions can be more
efficiently dealt with in person (or by re-reading this course
manual!).}

\end{tcolorbox}

\section{Study material}\label{study-material}

There are no core texts for this course. We strongly suggest that you
take all resources mentioned in the final section of this course manual
into consideration. However, the following sources provide excellent
inspiration for your work in this course:

\begin{itemize}
\tightlist
\item
  Kennet Lynggaard, Karl Löfgren, and Ian Manners {``Crossroads in
  European Union Studies,''} in Research {Methods} in {European Union
  Studies}, ed. Kennet Lynggaard, Ian Manners, and Karl Löfgren (London:
  Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2015), 3--17,
  \url{https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137316967_1}.
\item
  Michael Bruter and Martin Lodge \emph{The Palgrave Macmillan Political
  Science Research Methods in Action} (Houndmills, Basingstoke,
  Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan, 2013),
  \url{http://site.ebrary.com/id/10753305}.
\item
  Donatella Della Porta and Michael Keating, eds. {``Contents,''} in
  Approaches and {Methodologies} in the {Social Sciences}: {A Pluralist
  Perspective} (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008), vii--viii,
  \url{https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/approaches-and-methodologies-in-the-social-sciences/contents/2A25113FF8039E314EFBEFDA5625C883}.
\item
  Audie Klotz and Deepa Prakash, eds. \emph{Qualitative Methods in
  International Relations: A Pluralist Guide} (London: Palgrave
  Macmillan UK, 2008), \url{https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230584129}.
\end{itemize}

\begin{tcolorbox}[enhanced jigsaw, toprule=.15mm, colframe=quarto-callout-note-color-frame, opacitybacktitle=0.6, leftrule=.75mm, toptitle=1mm, colback=white, colbacktitle=quarto-callout-note-color!10!white, left=2mm, bottomtitle=1mm, coltitle=black, opacityback=0, breakable, titlerule=0mm, arc=.35mm, title=\textcolor{quarto-callout-note-color}{\faInfo}\hspace{0.5em}{Core resources for the course}, rightrule=.15mm, bottomrule=.15mm]

\href{https://bit.ly/esmathesis2425}{This Excel spreadsheet} provides us
with a repository for all Brussels-related information, including travel
arrangements and interviewing schedules. You need to be logged into your
UvA account to access the sheet. Please do keep this updated.

Please fill in the Preparation Survey by 6 January 2025 @23:59 CET:
\href{https://bit.ly/ssb24presurvey}{\url{https://bit.ly/ssb24presurvey}}.

\end{tcolorbox}

\section{Data management practices}\label{data-management-practices}

This course requires you handle personal data of your interviewees. The
University of Amsterdam has strict requirements for this type of
research. The course convenors have completed an ethical review for the
course, and if you wish to carry out interviews after the completion of
the course, you will need to seek similar permission (with the support
of your thesis supervisor). You are required to treat your respondents'
information with great care. We shall discuss this in class in more
detail.

\begin{tcolorbox}[enhanced jigsaw, toprule=.15mm, colframe=quarto-callout-important-color-frame, opacitybacktitle=0.6, leftrule=.75mm, toptitle=1mm, colback=white, colbacktitle=quarto-callout-important-color!10!white, left=2mm, bottomtitle=1mm, coltitle=black, opacityback=0, breakable, titlerule=0mm, arc=.35mm, title=\textcolor{quarto-callout-important-color}{\faExclamation}\hspace{0.5em}{Data management}, rightrule=.15mm, bottomrule=.15mm]

You are required to follow the University's guidelines on data
management and protection.

Please store all data (correspondence, interview recordings, names and
other data of interviewees) on your UvA account in OneDrive. If you need
to store the information on your personal device for any reason, please
follow the guidelines in the PDF document entitled \emph{Security
Advice}, found on canvas.

You must also prepare an informed consent form, which should (in most
cases) be signed by your respondents. You should append this to your
interview protocol.

\end{tcolorbox}

\section{Content and educational
objectives}\label{content-and-educational-objectives}

\subsection{Content}\label{content}

\begin{tcolorbox}[enhanced jigsaw, toprule=.15mm, colframe=quarto-callout-important-color-frame, opacitybacktitle=0.6, leftrule=.75mm, toptitle=1mm, colback=white, colbacktitle=quarto-callout-important-color!10!white, left=2mm, bottomtitle=1mm, coltitle=black, opacityback=0, breakable, titlerule=0mm, arc=.35mm, title=\textcolor{quarto-callout-important-color}{\faExclamation}\hspace{0.5em}{Study trip}, rightrule=.15mm, bottomrule=.15mm]

A trip to Brussels is foreseen between Wednesday 29 January and Saturday
1 February 2025. Please abide by international travel guidelines in
order to participate in the study trip. Please take note of Faculty
rules (see Canvas) for international travel. The hotel we are using is
the
\href{https://www.meininger-hotels.com/en/hotels/brussels/hotel-bruxelles-city-center/}{Meininger
Hotel Brussels City Centre}. A reservation has been made for the entire
trip. You can add extra nights if you wish to stay more, but you will
have to pay in advance for those yourself. Please coordinate amongst
yourselves, and then contact Jamal with a group request, which he shall
communicate to the hotel.

\end{tcolorbox}

This course is designed for students of the MA European Studies,
European Policy track. It will help you improve your research skills for
your MA thesis and post-study activities.

We start by inviting you to consider your `burning question' ---or what
you really want to address--- in your MA thesis. We then devote the
second and third week to identifying the research puzzle underlying your
future research. We will also focus on the methods and theoretical
approaches that will help you address this question in your thesis, with
a specific focus on the relationship between policy fields and research
approaches. You will work in small groups to stimulate discussion, yet
all deliverables will be submitted individually.

The tasks described above are designed to help you come to terms with
starting out on carrying out your MA thesis. The following issues are to
be covered in depth:

\begin{itemize}
\tightlist
\item
  formulating a detailed research proposal
\item
  gathering preliminary data concerning your research project, and using
  this to (re)formulate your research proposal
\item
  identifying, contacting and executing `expert' or `elite' interviews
  with people engaged in EU policymaking circles
\item
  presenting your initial reflections concerning your research in
  written form.
\end{itemize}

\subsubsection{Study load, time required and
attendance}\label{study-load-time-required-and-attendance}

It is estimated you will need to allocate 100\% of your working time as
a minimum \textbf{(approximately 40 hours per week)} for this course.
This consists of preparation for and participation in the meetings and
completing the deliverables. The amount of effort may vary from session
to session, but the workload is inevitably focused towards the period
around delivery due dates.

In addition to the required readings and the preparatory tasks for each
class, you should read a pertinent selection of literature from the
suggested readings at the end of this course manual. You should choose
texts that are relevant to your research objectives. You should also
keep informed through regular reading of current news sources related to
your chosen topic (see the Cultures of Governance course manual for a
sample of sources). The \hyperref[assessment]{list of deliverables}
provides details on the work to be submitted during the course. From
week one onwards, you should be thinking about \emph{all your
deliverables}.

\subsection{Educational objectives}\label{educational-objectives}

This course has a particular focus on the governing of Europe, and more
specifically, making policy in the European Union. It is designed to
focus on extracting policy-relevant issues from various sources that
will influence your research and thesis work, whether it relates to
contemporary policymaking, theoretical questions, governance or a
historical contextualisation of EU policy. The aims of the course are
to:

\begin{itemize}
\tightlist
\item
  encourage you to frame your research objectives in a sound and valid
  academic framework
\item
  critically integrate primary data into an MA thesis through clear use
  of method(s)
\item
  expose you to the practicalities of EU policymaking in your chosen
  policy field
\item
  engage in collaborative and participative peer learning.
\end{itemize}

\section{Method of instruction}\label{method-of-instruction}

This course takes place over a four week period, and yet is designed to
help you work on your thesis, which is a year-long project. The focus is
on delivery of work that will help you develop your thesis. We convene
in a mixture of plenary and group sessions at the allotted times
mentioned in the \hyperref[course-overview-by-week]{course schedule
summary} section of this course manual. \emph{Ad hoc} meetings may be
organised as and where both students and the course coordinator deem it
necessary.

\subsection{Lectures and seminars}\label{lectures-and-seminars}

Each session will consist of group and plenary elements. Sessions will
last between three and four hours. They will consist of interactive
lectures, group work, and feedback sessions.

\begin{tcolorbox}[enhanced jigsaw, toprule=.15mm, colframe=quarto-callout-note-color-frame, opacitybacktitle=0.6, leftrule=.75mm, toptitle=1mm, colback=white, colbacktitle=quarto-callout-note-color!10!white, left=2mm, bottomtitle=1mm, coltitle=black, opacityback=0, breakable, titlerule=0mm, arc=.35mm, title=\textcolor{quarto-callout-note-color}{\faInfo}\hspace{0.5em}{Peer reviewing}, rightrule=.15mm, bottomrule=.15mm]

\textbf{Peer engagement} is an integral element of the course structure
and is integrated into the design of the course. You should organise
with smaller `peer groups' before class to discuss your draft
deliverables for the week.

\end{tcolorbox}

Each session has a mixture of interactive lecture, discussion around
required reading and required tasks. We may discuss drafts of
deliverables during class, but do expect you to convene in groups
outside of class to discuss your work.

During some of these sessions we will use the \textbf{`jigsaw method'}
for a discussion of the literature.

\begin{tcolorbox}[enhanced jigsaw, toprule=.15mm, colframe=quarto-callout-note-color-frame, opacitybacktitle=0.6, leftrule=.75mm, toptitle=1mm, colback=white, colbacktitle=quarto-callout-note-color!10!white, left=2mm, bottomtitle=1mm, coltitle=black, opacityback=0, breakable, titlerule=0mm, arc=.35mm, title=\textcolor{quarto-callout-note-color}{\faInfo}\hspace{0.5em}{Jigsaw method}, rightrule=.15mm, bottomrule=.15mm]

\begin{enumerate}
\def\labelenumi{\arabic{enumi}.}
\tightlist
\item
  in preparation for the session, each of you will analyse one of the
  texts for the discussion session, and submit a 3,2,1 on this text
\item
  in the first part of the exercise, `expert groups' will be formed by
  people who have all read the same text. You will use the expert group
  to exchange ideas about your text based on your 3,2,1s, complement
  each other's thoughts, and formulate a final joint understanding of
  your text
\item
  in the second part of the exercise, different pieces of the puzzle in
  the literature are put together in `jigsaw groups', which consist of a
  number of people, each having read a different chapter
\item
  on the basis of this exchange, a discussion will be launched in which
  critical questions are posed about the different approaches presented
  to research methods in European Studies. What are the main
  differences? What is the value of the different perspectives taken?
  Could you think of critiques (e.g.~gaps, outdated knowledge, \ldots)?
  What do these approaches teach us about research in European studies
  and specifically, your own thesis research?
\end{enumerate}

\textbf{Contrary to our exercises in the Cultures of European Governance
course, you are not required to submit full written summaries to canvas,
but are required to submit your 3,2,1s on the text you have read.}

\end{tcolorbox}

\subsection{Participation and
learning}\label{participation-and-learning}

Class attendance and participation are vitally important because of the
organisation of the course. We will take attendance and note your degree
of preparation and participation. Absence, or failing to read the
material requested may influence your grade negatively. In class, we
make no attempt to cover all the material in the reading list. We use
the limited time available in a flexible way to try to ensure that your
objectives and tasks are clear. Contact time will also focus on engaging
in discussion and development of your own ideas. Students are strongly
encouraged to come to the classroom with their own ideas for discussion,
based on the dscussions held in your peer group meetings the day prior
to our class.

Given the nature of the course, \emph{participation is required in all
the meetings mentioned in the \hyperref[course-overview-by-week]{course
schedule}}. Non-participation (by means of not submitting draft
documents or non-engagement in peer discussions) will impact your final
grade in borderline cases.

\section{Course evaluation}\label{course-evaluation}

\emph{Evaluation of academic education starts at the beginning of a
course and is a continuous dialogue between students and lecturers. So,
for example, at the beginning of a course, you can think about your
expectations and your part in reaching that goal that you share with
lecturers and students: the best education possible.}

Since last year, the examiners have changed the assessment weighting and
number of deliverables, based on feedback from last year. We have also
included a new type of assignment (poster), designed to give you the
opportunity to reflect on one particular aspect of your thesis journey
(theories and methods) in a creative manner.

Students are requested by email to anonymously evaluate their courses
during the final week of teaching. Lecturers are requested to reserve
time for this during class. Please complete the course evaluation, as,
among others, lecturers and the programme committees use the results to
improve the education in your programme!

Be critical during your course evaluation, but also be to the point,
polite, and constructive. Finally, ask yourself: could I use this
feedback?

In the final session of the course, we shall also take a moment to
discuss the course, whether you feel you have achieved the educational
objectives stated above, and how you found the course in both specific,
and overall terms.

However, you should not feel as though you have to wait until the end of
the course in order to voice any issues that you may have. The course
instructors invite you to engage either prior or immediately after a
class, or via email to discuss any concerns.

\section{Assessment}\label{assessment}

\subsection{Forms of assessment}\label{forms-of-assessment}

\subsubsection{Prep survey}\label{prep-survey}

Please fill in this \href{https://bit.ly/ssb2324pre}{preparatory
survey}. \textbf{You need to do this by the deadline date}. You should
include a rationale for your proposed thesis area, that emphasises the
topic, skills and methodology that inspires you.

\subsubsection{3,2,1s}\label{s}

Prior to every seminar, you are required to submit a short note based on
the required reading for the week. This should include: three things you
learnt, two things you found interesting, and one question you still
have: this will not be graded, but is a required submission. We shall
use these to stimulate discussion.

\subsubsection{(Draft) email requests}\label{draft-email-requests}

You are to draft up an email (which you can submit to canvas if you feel
it is necessary to have an instructor check), where you request an
interview with a respondent. See
\hyperref[guidelines-for-introductory-email]{guidelines} for some
pointers. You should also prepare a list of potential interviewees and
their contact details. Use the
\href{https://bit.ly/esmathesis2425}{study skills online spreadsheet} to
ensure you keep track of all the invitations you send and the responses
you receive, which should be documented in the tab ``2024 interviews''.
Timely introduction of your contacts into this spreadsheet is
\textbf{necessary} due to the fact that we do not wish to bombard
particular individuals with multiple requests.

\begin{tcolorbox}[enhanced jigsaw, toprule=.15mm, colframe=quarto-callout-note-color-frame, opacitybacktitle=0.6, leftrule=.75mm, toptitle=1mm, colback=white, colbacktitle=quarto-callout-note-color!10!white, left=2mm, bottomtitle=1mm, coltitle=black, opacityback=0, breakable, titlerule=0mm, arc=.35mm, title=\textcolor{quarto-callout-note-color}{\faInfo}\hspace{0.5em}{Guidelines for introductory email}, rightrule=.15mm, bottomrule=.15mm]

\begin{enumerate}
\def\labelenumi{\arabic{enumi}.}
\tightlist
\item
  Make your email brief but informative and polite. If you \textbf{know}
  the person you are writing to speaks your native tongue, please take
  advantage of this fact.
\item
  Explain why and when you are coming to Brussels.
\item
  Explain why you would like to meet with them (in particular).
\item
  Explain the two or three main questions/topics you would like to cover
  in a conversation.
\item
  Ask for a brief amount of time: these people cannot plan to meet with
  you for an hour (but they may well use one hour if they have it).
  Propose a time/date and suggest you are flexible.
\item
  Always give them a `way out': ask if they are not the right person,
  who the most appropriate contact would be.
\end{enumerate}

\end{tcolorbox}

You must make sure to follow up with your respondents prior to the
interview, sending them the interview protocol and the informed consent
form.

\subsubsection{Interview protocol}\label{interview-protocol}

Your interview protocol will be used as the basis for some of the work
you will carry out in Brussels. It should be submitted to canvas and
sent to your interviewees before your visit to Brussels. This will form
the basis of your discussions with your respondents, so should be
professionally drafted and enable a good discussion to take place. See
below for a proposed structure.

\begin{tcolorbox}[enhanced jigsaw, toprule=.15mm, colframe=quarto-callout-note-color-frame, opacitybacktitle=0.6, leftrule=.75mm, toptitle=1mm, colback=white, colbacktitle=quarto-callout-note-color!10!white, left=2mm, bottomtitle=1mm, coltitle=black, opacityback=0, breakable, titlerule=0mm, arc=.35mm, title=\textcolor{quarto-callout-note-color}{\faInfo}\hspace{0.5em}{Template for interview protocol}, rightrule=.15mm, bottomrule=.15mm]

\begin{longtable}[]{@{}
  >{\raggedright\arraybackslash}p{(\linewidth - 6\tabcolsep) * \real{0.1899}}
  >{\raggedright\arraybackslash}p{(\linewidth - 6\tabcolsep) * \real{0.2785}}
  >{\raggedleft\arraybackslash}p{(\linewidth - 6\tabcolsep) * \real{0.2532}}
  >{\raggedright\arraybackslash}p{(\linewidth - 6\tabcolsep) * \real{0.2785}}@{}}
\toprule\noalign{}
\endhead
\bottomrule\noalign{}
\endlastfoot
Interviewer: & \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ & Date and
location: & \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \\
Interviewee: & \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ & & \\
\end{longtable}

Introduce the interviewer: brief description of self and role in
project.

Outline the main aims of the project:

\begin{enumerate}
\def\labelenumi{\arabic{enumi}.}
\tightlist
\item
  project aim
\item
  reason for research
\item
  research question
\end{enumerate}

Ask if OK to record interview, but only for use in writing up notes: any
direct text citations will be checked and only attributed if permission
given. Require \emph{informed consent}: refer to the template below.

\emph{Questions}

Insert your brief list of questions that:

\begin{enumerate}
\def\labelenumi{\arabic{enumi}.}
\tightlist
\item
  Stimulate conversation with your respondent
\item
  Reveal you have done some background research
\item
  Are related to your research question
\item
  Don't have Yes or No answers.
\end{enumerate}

\emph{Wrap up}: always try to sum up what the respondent says, to check
understanding and meaning.

\textbf{Thank the interviewee and explain that a final report will be
available in the early summer. Note that you shall be in touch to verify
any quotations used in the report prior to submission. Save time for
questions from their side.}

\end{tcolorbox}

\begin{tcolorbox}[enhanced jigsaw, toprule=.15mm, colframe=quarto-callout-note-color-frame, opacitybacktitle=0.6, leftrule=.75mm, toptitle=1mm, colback=white, colbacktitle=quarto-callout-note-color!10!white, left=2mm, bottomtitle=1mm, coltitle=black, opacityback=0, breakable, titlerule=0mm, arc=.35mm, title=\textcolor{quarto-callout-note-color}{\faInfo}\hspace{0.5em}{Template for informed consent}, rightrule=.15mm, bottomrule=.15mm]

\textbf{(The following needs to be turned into a form that the
individuals can sign, for ethical and data protection purposes. If there
is a refusal to sign the form, then enquire whether the interview can
continue on an informal basis.)}

\emph{Include description of the research project in five/six lines.}

\begin{enumerate}
\def\labelenumi{\arabic{enumi}.}
\tightlist
\item
  Undersigned agree to be recorded for the purposes of the interview.
  Solely for the purpose of note taking, and for the abovementioned
  research project
\item
  Participant will be informed when the recording starts and finishes,
  and has the right to ask for the interview to be immediately deleted
  from the recording device if this is deemed necessary.
\item
  Will be able to access a copy of the recording if requested.
\item
  Data gathered during the interview will not be used explicitly
  (i.e.~direct quotation, attribution of an individual) without specific
  permission from the interviewee.
\item
  Quotes will be anonymised, unless interviewee expresses a desire to
  waive anonymity.
\item
  Data will be stored in a secure environment, and deleted when the
  student graduates from university. This will be stored in compliance
  with European data protection regulations.
\end{enumerate}

This will need to be signed by both interviewee and interviewer, and
dated as well.

\end{tcolorbox}

\subsubsection{Annotated bibliography}\label{annotated-bibliography}

Your annotated bibliography should contain descriptions of at least nine
(and no more than eleven) \textbf{academic sources} pertinent to your
research topic. For each source you should provide a full reference (in
your preferred referencing style although we advise Chicago Manual
Style) followed by a short description of the main arguments outlined in
the specific academic text. This shall be useful to ensure that your
research question contributes to ongoing debates and has not been
answered before. It may also provide you with insights into how to
address your chosen topic. \emph{Alongside summing up the main arguments
of your sources, you should also provide at the end of your annotated
bibliography between half a page and one page summarising the literature
you have examined}, highlighting any gaps in the literature and
outlining how your thesis might fill in these gaps.

At the end of your annotated bibliography, we request that you take the
`\href{https://redegovernanca.net.br/conheca-o-indice-de-referencias-bibliograficas/}{politics
of citation}' into account. This was brought to the table by our friends
and colleagues from the critical infrastructure lab at the UvA, who were
inspired by colleagues from Brazil (REDE). You should count the number
of female and male authors cited in your annotated bibliography, and
write a small reflection on the politics of your citations. When an
article is written by multiple authors, please count the gender of the
first author. The reflection can be intersectional, engaging with the
gender, class, race, and geographic diversity of your citations.

\begin{tcolorbox}[enhanced jigsaw, toprule=.15mm, colframe=quarto-callout-important-color-frame, opacitybacktitle=0.6, leftrule=.75mm, toptitle=1mm, colback=white, colbacktitle=quarto-callout-important-color!10!white, left=2mm, bottomtitle=1mm, coltitle=black, opacityback=0, breakable, titlerule=0mm, arc=.35mm, title=\textcolor{quarto-callout-important-color}{\faExclamation}\hspace{0.5em}{Assessment criteria annotated bibliography}, rightrule=.15mm, bottomrule=.15mm]

\begin{enumerate}
\def\labelenumi{\arabic{enumi}.}
\tightlist
\item
  consistency in referencing
\item
  quality of the summaries of each text
\item
  quality of final summary of literature and the identification of gaps
  (if relevant)
\item
  the number and diversity of references used (in your politics of
  citation paragraph)
\end{enumerate}

\end{tcolorbox}

You may wish to use the excel sheet provided in canvas as a starting
point for your work. See also
\href{https://bit.ly/organising_literature_master_thesis}{the online
version}.

\subsubsection{Background paper}\label{background-paper}

This deliverable should consist of a rather detailed description of the
key policy issues relevant to your thesis, with a particular focus on
how they relate to EU policymaking. It should cover policy/primary
literature, please make sure \textbf{not} to include any academic
sources in the background document. At this stage, we are looking to
practice \textbf{data-gathering skills} and improve your capacity to
\textbf{organise policy statements} and \textbf{identify paradoxes,
puzzles or policy problems}. This will be useful for you in providing
you with some policy insights into your chosen topic area.

\begin{tcolorbox}[enhanced jigsaw, toprule=.15mm, colframe=quarto-callout-important-color-frame, opacitybacktitle=0.6, leftrule=.75mm, toptitle=1mm, colback=white, colbacktitle=quarto-callout-important-color!10!white, left=2mm, bottomtitle=1mm, coltitle=black, opacityback=0, breakable, titlerule=0mm, arc=.35mm, title=\textcolor{quarto-callout-important-color}{\faExclamation}\hspace{0.5em}{Assessment criteria background paper}, rightrule=.15mm, bottomrule=.15mm]

\begin{enumerate}
\def\labelenumi{\arabic{enumi}.}
\tightlist
\item
  quality of the description
\item
  relevance of your source selection to your research topic
\item
  identification of the puzzle
\item
  style, referencing, etc.
\end{enumerate}

\end{tcolorbox}

\subsubsection{Theories and methods
poster}\label{theories-and-methods-poster}

This deliverable should present your reflections on potential theories
and methods you will use in your thesis. This does not need to be a
definitive piece of work, and should present your internal
`conversation' on how you aim to proceed with your thesis research. The
`poster' is simply an illustration or a representation of your thinking
process at this stage. It can be in the form of a piece of text, or a
mindmap, or other representation: feel free to explore different ways of
representing your work. You will present your work at a session we
organise in the hotel (a `theories and methods fair') during our stay in
Brussels. This will allow you to discuss your reflections with your
peers and the course convenors. The poster does not need to be uploaded
to canvas, as we shall grade the presentation and physical `poster' (can
be on one or more sheets of A4 paper, or a laptop/tablet screen).

\begin{tcolorbox}[enhanced jigsaw, toprule=.15mm, colframe=quarto-callout-important-color-frame, opacitybacktitle=0.6, leftrule=.75mm, toptitle=1mm, colback=white, colbacktitle=quarto-callout-important-color!10!white, left=2mm, bottomtitle=1mm, coltitle=black, opacityback=0, breakable, titlerule=0mm, arc=.35mm, title=\textcolor{quarto-callout-important-color}{\faExclamation}\hspace{0.5em}{Assessment criteria theories and methods poster}, rightrule=.15mm, bottomrule=.15mm]

\begin{enumerate}
\def\labelenumi{\arabic{enumi}.}
\tightlist
\item
  quality of the reflection
\item
  evidence of incorporation of inspiration and feedback (from your
  reading during the course, and discussions during our seminars)
\item
  identification of key relevant theories and methods
\end{enumerate}

\end{tcolorbox}

\subsubsection{Thesis proposal}\label{thesis-proposal}

You should draft up an annotated table of contents that summarises the
core aspects of your thesis research. It will cover (not necessarily in
this order):

\begin{enumerate}
\def\labelenumi{\arabic{enumi}.}
\tightlist
\item
  introduction and problem statement: The key question(s) you wish to
  address in your research (which is informed by your `burning
  question')
\item
  context and policy puzzle: A basic overview of the policy environment
  relating to your research topic (which is informed by your policy
  background document and insights from your fieldwork in Brussels)
\item
  literature and theory: An overview of the academic debate on your
  topic (derived from your annotated bibliography)
\item
  method and approach: A (short) section that shows how you build on the
  state of the art in the academic debate and how you think you will do
  this (which data, how you will collect and analyse the data)
\item
  a proposed structure of your thesis, with a brief outline describing
  each chapter
\item
  a list of literature consulted.
\end{enumerate}

This annotated table of contents will be reviewed briefly by the course
instructors, and graded as a pass or fail only: your (potential) thesis
supervisor may comment on this deliverable as well, as it is expected
that you will share this with them, but they are not expected to comment
on this prior to delivery for the course. After discussion with your
supervisor, a shortened version of this should be submitted as Thesis
Application Form (see Canvas page for MA thesis European Studies).

\subsection{Exam material}\label{exam-material}

All course material will be posted on Canvas, or links will be provided
to material from there.

\subsection{Assignment deadlines, length, and
weight}\label{assignment-deadlines-length-and-weight}

Please stick to the \textbf{maximum page lengths} mentioned below!
Remember, draft documents are simply draft documents. We ask for them to
help you formulate your thoughts and share ideas with others. We do
\emph{not} expect you to deliver complete documents at the draft stage.

\begin{longtable}[]{@{}
  >{\raggedright\arraybackslash}p{(\linewidth - 6\tabcolsep) * \real{0.5294}}
  >{\raggedright\arraybackslash}p{(\linewidth - 6\tabcolsep) * \real{0.0784}}
  >{\raggedright\arraybackslash}p{(\linewidth - 6\tabcolsep) * \real{0.1569}}
  >{\raggedright\arraybackslash}p{(\linewidth - 6\tabcolsep) * \real{0.2353}}@{}}
\caption{Assignment
deadlines}\label{tbl-assignment_deadlines}\tabularnewline
\toprule\noalign{}
\begin{minipage}[b]{\linewidth}\raggedright
Assignment
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{\linewidth}\raggedright
weight
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{\linewidth}\raggedright
deadline
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{\linewidth}\raggedright
length (max)
\end{minipage} \\
\midrule\noalign{}
\endfirsthead
\toprule\noalign{}
\begin{minipage}[b]{\linewidth}\raggedright
Assignment
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{\linewidth}\raggedright
weight
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{\linewidth}\raggedright
deadline
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{\linewidth}\raggedright
length (max)
\end{minipage} \\
\midrule\noalign{}
\endhead
\bottomrule\noalign{}
\endlastfoot
prep survey & P/F & 6/1/25 & - \\
3,2,1s & P/F & weekly before seminar & - \\
Draft annotated bibliography & P/F & 13/1/25 11am & - \\
email interview requests & P/F & 17/1/25 5pm & - \\
Draft background paper & P/F & 20/1/25 11am & - \\
Interview protocol & P/F & 27/1/25 11am & - \\
Methods and theories poster & 20\% & in Brussels & presentation \\
Annotated bibliography & 40\% & 7/2/25 5pm & 5pp \\
Background paper & 40\% & 7/2/25 5pm & 3pp \\
Thesis proposal & P/F & 7/2/25 5pm & 6pp \\
\end{longtable}

P/F indicates submission is required (pass/fail), and the work will be
read by instructors, but not graded.

Submissions that go beyond the limits will be rejected and given a zero
grade. The word count mentioned includes your bibliography. For each day
of late submission of a deliverable, 0,5 points will be deducted from
your final assignment grade. Permission for late submission may be
granted if you contact the study adviser before the assignment deadline.
Resits submitted after the resit deadline will not be marked, unless an
exception is granted by the study adviser.

\subsection{General guidelines for submitting written
work}\label{general-guidelines-for-submitting-written-work}

\begin{tcolorbox}[enhanced jigsaw, toprule=.15mm, colframe=quarto-callout-note-color-frame, opacitybacktitle=0.6, leftrule=.75mm, toptitle=1mm, colback=white, colbacktitle=quarto-callout-note-color!10!white, left=2mm, bottomtitle=1mm, coltitle=black, opacityback=0, breakable, titlerule=0mm, arc=.35mm, title=\textcolor{quarto-callout-note-color}{\faInfo}\hspace{0.5em}{Draft means draft}, rightrule=.15mm, bottomrule=.15mm]

In this course, we ask you to submit your graded deliverables in an
early draft form as well as in a final form at the end of the course.
This is to help you in developing your ideas and reflecting upon them
with your peers and in class. It will also help you when going to
Brussels.

\end{tcolorbox}

To pass the course, you need to submit different pieces of work. The
weighted average of all graded elements of the course needs to be above
the passing grade (5,5 or higher). This means that the grade for one
assignment can be compensated by the grade of another. \emph{All
assignments, both graded and ``P/F'', must be correctly submitted in
canvas in order to pass the course.} Please note the following
requirements for the annotated bibliography and the background paper:

\begin{itemize}
\item
  pdf format, A4, fully justified paragraphs, with single line spacing
  and page numbers identified.
\item
  the following information should be clearly marked on the front page
  of the submission:

  \begin{itemize}
  \tightlist
  \item
    student number(s)
  \item
    course title and academic year
  \item
    assignment name
  \item
    date of actual submission (regardless of the deadline)
  \item
    word count
  \end{itemize}
\item
  the above requirements to not apply to other deliverables in the
  course
\item
  do not put your name on the front cover as we grade anonymously
\item
  cover pages are not included in the page counts above, all other text
  is (including the reference list/bibliography)
\item
  all assignments are submitted via Canvas: \textbf{documents submitted
  through email will be deleted}
\item
  your documents should also be proofread. Work will be downgraded for
  language, spelling, and grammatical errors
\item
  use correct referencing, according to academic standards. Make
  consistent use of one reference style (e.g.~Chicago)
\item
  use author-date referencing instead of using footnotes
\item
  inconsistent referencing may result in downgrading: for more
  information:
  \url{https://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/tools_citationguide/citation-guide-1.html}
\item
  all written work should be produced by the author. Suspicion of fraud
  or plagiarism will be reported the Board of Examiners and may result
  in expulsion from the course
\item
  for this course, students are not permitted to use Generative
  Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) for any of the assessments
\end{itemize}

\emph{Test results lapse after the end of the semester in which the
final mark was awarded. If a student does not complete a course that is
a compulsory part of their degree programme in one semester, they will
have to retake the entire course at a later opportunity.}

\section{Results}\label{results}

\emph{The results on the final documents will be posted on Canvas no
more than 15 working days after the submission.}

\subsection{Feedback and inspection}\label{feedback-and-inspection}

Opportunities for feedback and inspection will be provided for all
assignments after submission. As all assignments will be graded on
Canvas, you will be able to see the grading and comments on the
assignments there. You have the right to receive timely feedback on your
submissions, which is provided to you as soon as possible. Should you
require further feedback, please do not hesitate to reach out to the
course convenors.

\subsection{Resit}\label{resit}

The assignments can be retaken when their grade is lower than 5,5. The
deadline for retakes will be announced but will never be allowed to
extend beyond the last working day in February. \emph{The department
will not offer a new deadline to students who miss a deadline due to
illness or other impediment unless requested by a study adviser. Resits
are designed to provide for such circumstances. Resits are therefore not
intended to always allow students two opportunities to sit an exam.}

If you fail the course, and are required to carry out a resit, we ask
you to submit a theory and methods paper, of length five pages, and is
weighted at 40\% of the total grade for the course. Your paper should
consider different theoretical and methodological frameworks and include
discussion of qualitative and quantitative methods (if relevant). You
should refer to different disciplinary approaches (International
Relations, Sociology, Political Science, Political Economy, Law etc.) in
this paper. Finally, you are required to elaborate on the theories and
methods that will serve to help you address the research question you
have identified in class. This will help you plan the remaining stages
of your research.

\begin{tcolorbox}[enhanced jigsaw, toprule=.15mm, colframe=quarto-callout-important-color-frame, opacitybacktitle=0.6, leftrule=.75mm, toptitle=1mm, colback=white, colbacktitle=quarto-callout-important-color!10!white, left=2mm, bottomtitle=1mm, coltitle=black, opacityback=0, breakable, titlerule=0mm, arc=.35mm, title=\textcolor{quarto-callout-important-color}{\faExclamation}\hspace{0.5em}{Assessment criteria theories and methods paper}, rightrule=.15mm, bottomrule=.15mm]

\begin{enumerate}
\def\labelenumi{\arabic{enumi}.}
\tightlist
\item
  the quality (and diversity) of the survey of method\textbar ological
  approaches to your topic, including references to a range of
  literature that implements these different method(ologie)s
\item
  clarity of the outline of the method\textbar ological perspective(s)
  that is (are) pertinent to your proposed (draft) research question
\item
  the quality (and diversity) of the survey of theoretical approaches to
  your topic, including references to a range of literature that
  implements these different theories
\item
  clarity of the outline of the theoretical perspective(s) that is (are)
  pertinent to your proposed (draft) research question
\item
  style, referencing, etc.
\end{enumerate}

\end{tcolorbox}

\section{Fraud and plagiarism rules}\label{fraud-and-plagiarism-rules}

The University of Amsterdam Fraud and Plagiarism regulations apply to
the assessment of this course. These regulations can be consulted at the
\href{https://student.uva.nl/en/topics/plagiarism-and-fraud}{Plagiarism
and Fraud} page on the student website. Also take a look at the
\href{https://assets-eu-01.kc-usercontent.com/2a7f7854-b38e-015d-c63a-62b2c8fa2017/d24d9f18-102b-49ab-a25e-218078e82c9e/230504\%20FGW\%20WI\%20fraude\%20en\%20plagiaat\%20-\%20studenten\%20EN.pdf}{Academic
integrity guide (pdf)}. See also the
\href{https://assets-eu-01.kc-usercontent.com/2a7f7854-b38e-015d-c63a-62b2c8fa2017/7688ca08-55ec-4ec5-9575-762c3bf27992/Richtlijnen\%20Generatieve\%20Artificie\%CC\%88le\%20Intelligentie\%20\%28GenAI\%29\%20in\%20het\%20onderwijs_eng-GB.pdf}{guidelines
for generative artificial intelligence in education (pdf)} for more
information about tools such as ChatGPT.

\section{Social safety}\label{social-safety}

If you experience an unsafe situation or undesirable behaviour in this
course or study programme, you can turn to the
\href{https://student.uva.nl/en/topics/help-with-undesirable-behaviour}{UvA
Social Safety Support Guide for students}.

\section{Course overview by week}\label{course-overview-by-week}

You will be split into eight groups in the first plenary session.
Table~\ref{tbl-summary_classes_activities} provides a summary of classes
and activities.

You will be informed by the MA coordinators about additional research
methods activities, including a workshop on interviews.

\begin{longtable}[]{@{}
  >{\raggedright\arraybackslash}p{(\linewidth - 14\tabcolsep) * \real{0.0538}}
  >{\raggedright\arraybackslash}p{(\linewidth - 14\tabcolsep) * \real{0.1290}}
  >{\centering\arraybackslash}p{(\linewidth - 14\tabcolsep) * \real{0.1613}}
  >{\raggedright\arraybackslash}p{(\linewidth - 14\tabcolsep) * \real{0.1183}}
  >{\raggedleft\arraybackslash}p{(\linewidth - 14\tabcolsep) * \real{0.1613}}
  >{\raggedright\arraybackslash}p{(\linewidth - 14\tabcolsep) * \real{0.1075}}
  >{\raggedleft\arraybackslash}p{(\linewidth - 14\tabcolsep) * \real{0.1613}}
  >{\raggedright\arraybackslash}p{(\linewidth - 14\tabcolsep) * \real{0.1075}}@{}}
\caption{Summary of classes and
activities}\label{tbl-summary_classes_activities}\tabularnewline
\toprule\noalign{}
\begin{minipage}[b]{\linewidth}\raggedright
Class
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{\linewidth}\raggedright
Date
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{\linewidth}\centering
Time
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{\linewidth}\raggedright
Groups
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{\linewidth}\raggedleft
Time
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{\linewidth}\raggedright
Groups
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{\linewidth}\raggedleft
Time
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{\linewidth}\raggedright
Groups
\end{minipage} \\
\midrule\noalign{}
\endfirsthead
\toprule\noalign{}
\begin{minipage}[b]{\linewidth}\raggedright
Class
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{\linewidth}\raggedright
Date
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{\linewidth}\centering
Time
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{\linewidth}\raggedright
Groups
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{\linewidth}\raggedleft
Time
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{\linewidth}\raggedright
Groups
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{\linewidth}\raggedleft
Time
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{\linewidth}\raggedright
Groups
\end{minipage} \\
\midrule\noalign{}
\endhead
\bottomrule\noalign{}
\endlastfoot
\#1 & 08/01 & 11.00 - 12.00 & plenary & 12.00 - 13.30 & 1-4 & 13.30 -
15.00 & 5-8 \\
\#2 & 15/01 & 11.00 - 12.00 & 5-8 & 12.00 - 13.00 & 1-4 & 13.00 - 15.00
& plenary \\
\#3 & 22/01 & 11.00 - 12.00 & 1-4 & 12.00 - 13.00 & 5-8 & 13.00 - 15.00
& plenary \\
BXL & 29/01-1/02 & & & & & & \\
\end{longtable}

This schedule may help you plan out your time.

\pandocbounded{\includegraphics[keepaspectratio]{ssbschedule2425.png}}

Please check \url{https://rooster.uva.nl} for the location of our
meetings.

\subsection{Week 0}\label{week-0}

During the Christmas break, you are invited to:

\begin{itemize}
\tightlist
\item
  think about your `burning question', or the topic that makes you want
  to carry out research
\item
  identify a `search strategy' for literature related to your topic, and
  will start to collect academic and policy literature in your chosen
  field. You should use a bibliographic reference manager to organise
  and share literature (optionally with your peers as `collections' in
  the
  \href{https://www.zotero.org/groups/5183101/european_policy/library}{European
  Policy Zotero Group}.
\item
  investigate which potential supervisors may be most interested in your
  theme
\item
  fill in the \href{https://bit.ly/ssb24presurvey}{Prep Survey}
\end{itemize}

The ambition of this exercise is to start you thinking about your
research topic. And to give us a reasonable idea of how advanced you are
in your thinking.

\textbf{Required activities}:

\begin{itemize}
\tightlist
\item
  fill in the \href{https://bit.ly/ssb24presurvey}{Prep Survey}. This
  will include a request to write one paragraph on your thesis topic,
  highlighting the substance and method\textbar ology/approach that
  inspires you. We shall use this to launch discussions in our first
  meeting
\item
  please also (re-)watch the Zotero video (linked in the respective
  canvas module), which might help with getting to grips with reference
  management
\end{itemize}

\textbf{Required reading}:

\begin{itemize}
\tightlist
\item
  Gerard Guthrie {``Research Methodology,''} in Basic {Research
  Methods}: {An Entry} to {Social Science Research} (SAGE Publications,
  2010), 38--50.
\item
  Gerard Guthrie {``Research Proposal and Literature Review,''} in Basic
  {Research Methods}: {An Entry} to {Social Science Research} (SAGE
  Publications, 2010), 25--37.
\item
  Gerard Guthrie {``Approaches to Research,''} in Basic {Research
  Methods}: {An Entry} to {Social Science Research} (SAGE Publications,
  2010), 3--14.
\item
  Philippe Schmitter {``The Design of Social and Political Research,''}
  in Approaches and {Methodologies} in the {Social Sciences}: {A
  Pluralist Perspective}, ed. Donatella Della Porta and Michael Keating
  (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008), 263--95,
  \url{https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511801938.015}.
\end{itemize}

\subsection{Week 1}\label{week-1}

At the first plenary meeting, we introduce the course, and take some
time to discuss general principles of thesis design. We cover different
methods involved in thesis design and execution. This will outline
`types' of research (empirical and/or theoretical contributions;
different approaches to research; different methods and methodologies),
which should be a useful recap of work carried out in the `Cultures of
Governance' and `Enlargement and External Relations of the EU' courses.
We also focus on our expectations for the annotated bibliography, and on
how to build up contacts in Brussels to prepare for the Brussels trip.

Based on your input into the Prep Survey and discussions during class,
we shall create smaller groups, based on thesis topic, method, etc.
\textbf{It is imperative that you are all present for this exercise.} We
shall then continue in these smaller groups for the rest of the session,
where we shall discuss techniques and tools to identify and structure
our understanding of academic debates, and discuss your 3,2,1s for the
week.

\textbf{Required activities:}

\begin{itemize}
\tightlist
\item
  prepare 3,2,1s for this week's session from Ben Rosamond
  {``Methodology in European Union Studies,''} in Research {Methods} in
  {European Union Studies}, ed. Kennet Lynggaard, Ian Manners, and Karl
  Löfgren (London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2015), 18--36,
  \url{https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137316967_2}.
\item
  identify a thesis topic, skills and methods that you wish to
  investigate further
\item
  look into existing literature and start writing up summaries of the
  key texts (optionally) making use of the excel sheet you can download
  from canvas. Start planning all your deliverables
\item
  start working on your \textbf{draft annotated bibliography}. A first
  draft needs to be submitted at the beginning of week 2)
\item
  prepare draft emails to send to your potential informants. You can
  submit these to canvas latest middle of week 2 for brief feedback if
  you wish.
\end{itemize}

\subsection{Week 2}\label{week-2}

We shall start with group sessions, where we will discuss your draft
annotated bibliographies of recent and `classic' scientific publications
in your field of research. This will be carried out in groups. We will
comment on the following criteria:

\begin{itemize}
\tightlist
\item
  diversity of literature
\item
  balance between classic texts and more recently-published work
\item
  relevance of the literature to your preliminary research question
\item
  theoretical `narrative' present in the collection of literature
\item
  clarity and usefulness of your annotations for your own research
\end{itemize}

The ambition of this session is to enable you to review and reflect on
how previous academic work contributes to your own research.

In the second half of the session (plenary), we shall talk about
understanding policy context and background. We shall share thoughts on
how to find and interpret information on policy processes, and what gaps
appear in our reading of these public sources. We shall also cover how
to engage with policymakers and other actors to help uncover these gaps
and dig deeper into our research areas. We shall break into groups to
discuss the chapters from Part II of Lynggaard, Löfgren, and Manners
{``Crossroads in European Union Studies.''} in a jigsaw format.

\textbf{Required activities}:

\begin{itemize}
\tightlist
\item
  prepare 3,2,1 on a chapter from Part II of Lynggaard, Löfgren, and
  Manners (groups 1,2: chapter 4; groups 3,4: chapter 5; groups 5,6:
  chapter 6; groups 7,8: chapter 7)
\item
  prior to class: review the submitted draft versions of your group's
  annotated bibliographies
\item
  after class: start working on your background paper and submit a draft
  version at the beginning of week 3
\end{itemize}

\textbf{Supplemental required reading:}

\begin{itemize}
\tightlist
\item
  Paul Oliver {``The Literature Review,''} in Writing {Your Thesis},
  Third Edition (London: SAGE Publications, 2014), 124--40,
  \url{https://doi.org/10.4135/9781446294994}.
\end{itemize}

\subsection{Week 3}\label{week-3}

In the group discussions, we will emphasise how a thesis will need you
to be able to analyse and summarise new developments in a given policy
field, building upon your prior knowledge and understanding of policy
dynamics. We shall ask you to reflect on the draft versions of your
background papers, which cover your understanding of the policy context
and the tensions/problems in policy.

During the plenary session, we shall talk about the relevance of
building a theoretical/conceptual framework for thesis research and also
finalise arrangements for Brussels. We shall familiarise ourselves with
the University's Data Management and Data Protection plans, which you
are required to observe, and outline our expectations for the poster
that you have to present in Brussels. We shall then break into groups to
discuss chapters from Part III and IV of Lynggaard, Löfgren, and Manners
{``Crossroads in European Union Studies.''} in a jigsaw format, and
discuss how to employ the theories and research designs discussed in
your thesis on the basis of your 3,2,1s.

\textbf{Required activities}:

\begin{itemize}
\tightlist
\item
  prepare 3,2,1 on a different chapter in Part III or IV of Lynggaard,
  Löfgren, and Manners (choose the most relevant chapter for your
  research)
\item
  prior to class: review the submitted draft versions of your group's
  background papers
\item
  after class: start preparing your interview protocol and the informed
  consent form for the Brussels trip
\end{itemize}

\subsection{Week 4}\label{week-4}

Apart from the `Methods and theories fair' which we shall organise in
Brussels on Wednesday 29 January from 5-7pm, there will be no formal
sessions this week. We shall organise several informal events during our
time in Brussels. These are not compulsory, but you are recommended to
participate if you are not busy interviewing at the time. Events we have
organised in past years include:

\begin{itemize}
\tightlist
\item
  a walking tour of the Brussels Quarter, focused on interest groups in
  different sectors of European policymaking;
\item
  a session with an MEP in the European Parliament;
\item
  meeting with alumni (in the evening);
\item
  group dinner (partially covered by the university budget).
\end{itemize}

More information about such events will be posted directly to canvas.

\begin{tcolorbox}[enhanced jigsaw, toprule=.15mm, colframe=quarto-callout-important-color-frame, opacitybacktitle=0.6, leftrule=.75mm, toptitle=1mm, colback=white, colbacktitle=quarto-callout-important-color!10!white, left=2mm, bottomtitle=1mm, coltitle=black, opacityback=0, breakable, titlerule=0mm, arc=.35mm, title=\textcolor{quarto-callout-important-color}{\faExclamation}\hspace{0.5em}{Brussels trip: key information}, rightrule=.15mm, bottomrule=.15mm]

\begin{itemize}
\tightlist
\item
  we recommend you create two WhatsApp groups, one with the course
  convenors, and the other without us
\item
  things to bring with you:

  \begin{itemize}
  \tightlist
  \item
    your passport or other form of FORMAL identification;
  \item
    toothbrush
  \end{itemize}
\item
  we will upload the full set of documents (rules etc.) concerning the
  hotel to canvas once the booking is confirmed
\item
  we abide by the rules on field trips developed by the faculty: a copy
  of this document will be uploaded on canvas
\item
  do NOT cancel your travel plans or your room booking: you will be
  required to reimburse the full fee for all costs incurred
\item
  you will be provided with a MOBIB Basic card on arrival in Brussels.
  This card gives you access to all ``STIB/MIVB'' public transport in
  the Brussels Region. The card will be preloaded with a ten journey
  card. The cards are valid for five years and are transferable
  (i.e.~you can give it to someone else.). You can load additional
  journeys on the card, should you need them, but this will be at your
  own cost
\item
  we estimate that there will be approximately 90-100 € costs that you
  will have to cover during your stay: you are responsible for feeding
  yourselves for lunches and dinners. Breakfast is provided at the Hotel
\item
  you will be required to organise the transport yourselves to the
  Dutch/Belgian border (station ``Noorderkempen'') using your NS
  discount cards and the so-called `meereiskorting': the university will
  reimburse reasonable costs (up to a maximum of 40€ for NS train
  tickets for the entire trip) via the link:
  https://expenseclaims.uva.nl/. We shall talk about organisational
  issues prior to the course starting (i.e.~during the second half of
  block two)
\item
  Gertjan will be available during the entire trip, he is staying in the
  hotel. Jamal lives around 55 minutes away from the hotel (so cannot
  provide immediate rescue), but can be contacted at any time during
  your stay
\end{itemize}

\end{tcolorbox}

\textbf{Required activities}:

\begin{itemize}
\tightlist
\item
  Prepare the final versions of your own deliverables.
\end{itemize}

\textbf{Required reading}:

\begin{itemize}
\tightlist
\item
  There is no specific required reading this week. You should choose
  your own.
\end{itemize}

\subsection{Week 4+1}\label{week-41}

\textbf{Classes have formally finished, but we give you some extra time
to wrap up the deliverables for the course.} Please plan your time
effectively, so as not to disrupt the start of the second semester.

\section{Suggested readings}\label{suggested-readings}

\subsection{General research
principles}\label{general-research-principles}

\begin{itemize}
\tightlist
\item
  Martyn Denscombe \emph{Ground Rules for Social Research: Guidelines
  for Good Practice}, 2. ed, Open {Up} Study Skills (Maidenhead: Open
  Univ. Press, McGraw-Hill, 2010).
\item
  Lynggaard, Löfgren, and Manners {``Crossroads in European Union
  Studies.''}
\item
  Luigi Curini and Robert Franzese \emph{The {SAGE} Handbook of Research
  Methods in Political Science and International Relations}, 2 vols.
  (London: SAGE Publications, 2020),
  \url{https://doi.org/10.4135/9781526486387}.
\item
  Guthrie {``Research Proposal and Literature Review.''}
\item
  Angela Thody \emph{Writing and Presenting Research} (London: SAGE,
  2006).
\item
  Wayne C. Booth, Gregory G. Colomb, and Joseph M. Williams \emph{The
  Craft of Research}, Third edition (Chicago: University of Chicago
  Press, 2008).
\item
  Kaifeng Yang {``Qualitative Analysis,''} in The {Oxford Handbook} of
  {Public Accountability}, ed. Mark Bovens, Robert E Goodin, and Thomas
  Schillemans (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014),
  \url{http://www.oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199641253.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780199641253-e-040}.
\end{itemize}

\subsection{Interviewing}\label{interviewing}

\begin{itemize}
\tightlist
\item
  Stefanie Bailer {``Interviews and Surveys in Legislative Research,''}
  in The {Oxford Handbook} of {Legislative Studies}, ed. Shane Martin,
  Thomas Saalfeld, and Kaare W Strøm (Oxford University Press, 2014),
  \url{http://www.oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199653010.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780199653010-e-011}.
\item
  Alexander Bogner, Beate Littig, and Wolfgang Menz, eds.
  \emph{Interviewing Experts} (London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2009).
\item
  Alexander Bogner, Beate Littig, and Wolfgang Menz {``Generating
  Qualitative Data with Experts and Elites,''} in The {SAGE Handbook} of
  {Qualitative Data Collection} (London: SAGE Publications Ltd, 2018),
  652--65, \url{https://doi.org/10.4135/9781526416070}.
\item
  Han Dorussen, Hartmut Lenz, and Spyros Blavoukos {``Assessing the
  Reliability and Validity of Expert Interviews''} \emph{European Union
  Politics}, 6, no. 3 (September 2005): 315--37,
  \url{https://doi.org/10.1177/1465116505054835}.
\end{itemize}

\subsection{Case studies and process
tracing}\label{case-studies-and-process-tracing}

\begin{itemize}
\tightlist
\item
  Robert H Bates {``From Case Studies to Social Science: A Strategy for
  Political Research,''} in The {Oxford Handbook} of {Comparative
  Politics}, ed. Carles Boix and Susan C Stokes (Oxford: Oxford
  University Press, 2009),
  \url{http://oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199566020.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780199566020-e-7}.
\item
  Annica Kronsell and Ian Manners {``Single Policy Study: Three
  Variations in Design,''} in Research {Methods} in {European Union
  Studies}, ed. Kennet Lynggaard, Ian Manners, and Karl Löfgren (London:
  Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2015), 86--101,
  \url{https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137316967_6}.
\item
  Mark Bevir \emph{Governance Stories} (London: Routledge, 2006),
  \url{https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203969090}.
\item
  Sue Bennett, Karl Maton, and Lisa Kervin {``The {`Digital Natives'}
  Debate: A Critical Review of the Evidence''} \emph{British Journal of
  Educational Technology}, 39, no. 5 (September 2008): 775--86,
  \url{https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8535.2007.00793.x}.
\item
  Vincent Pouliot {``Practice Tracing,''} in Process {Tracing}, ed.
  Andrew Bennett and Jeffrey T. Checkel (Cambridge: Cambridge University
  Press, 2014), 237--59,
  \url{https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139858472.013}.
\item
  David Collier {``Understanding Process Tracing''} \emph{PS: Political
  Science \& Politics}, 44, no. 04 (October 2011): 823--30,
  \url{https://doi.org/10.1017/S1049096511001429}.
\item
  John Gerring {``The Case Study: What It Is and What It Does,''} in The
  {Oxford Handbook} of {Comparative Politics}, ed. Carles Boix and Susan
  C. Stokes (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009), 91--122,
  \url{https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199566020.003.0004}.
\item
  Andrew Bennett and Colin Elman {``Qualitative Research: Recent
  Developments in Case Study Methods''} \emph{Annual Review of Political
  Science}, 9, no. 1 (June 1, 2006): 455--76,
  \url{https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.polisci.8.082103.104918}.
\item
  Della Porta and Keating {``Contents.''}
\item
  Pascal Vennesson {``Case Studies and Process Tracing: Theories and
  Practices,''} in Approaches and {Methodologies} in the {Social
  Sciences}: {A Pluralist Perspective}, ed. Donatella Della Porta and
  Michael Keating (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008),
  223--39, \url{https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511801938.013}.
\item
  Jeffrey T. Checkel {``Process Tracing,''} in Qualitative {Methods} in
  {International Relations}: {A Pluralist Guide}, ed. Audie Klotz and
  Deepa Prakash (London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2008), 114--27,
  \url{https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230584129_8}.
\end{itemize}

\subsection{Multimethod and multilevel
research}\label{multimethod-and-multilevel-research}

\begin{itemize}
\tightlist
\item
  David Collier and Colin Elman {``Qualitative and Multimethod Research:
  Organizations, Publication, and Reflections on Integration,''} in The
  {Oxford Handbook} of {Political Methodology}, ed. Janet
  Box-Steffensmeier, Henry E Brady, and David Collier (Oxford: Oxford
  University Press, 2009),
  \url{http://oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199286546.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780199286546-e-34}.
\item
  Carolyn J Heinrich and Carolyn J Hill {``Multilevel Methods in the
  Study of Bureaucracy,''} in The {Oxford Handbook} of {American
  Bureaucracy}, ed. Robert F Durant (Oxford University Press, 2011),
  \url{http://oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199238958.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780199238958-e-21}.
\item
  Bradford S Jones {``Multilevel Models,''} in The {Oxford Handbook} of
  {Political Methodology}, ed. Janet Box-Steffensmeier, Henry E Brady,
  and David Collier (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008),
  \url{http://www.oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199286546.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780199286546-e-26}.
\end{itemize}

\subsection{Critical research
approaches}\label{critical-research-approaches}

\begin{itemize}
\tightlist
\item
  Colin Hay and Ben Rosamond {``Globalization, European Integration and
  the Discursive Construction of Economic Imperatives''} \emph{Journal
  of European Public Policy}, 9, no. 2 (January 1, 2002): 147--67,
  \url{https://doi.org/10.1080/13501760110120192}.
\item
  Russell Hardin {``Normative Methodology,''} in The {Oxford Handbook}
  of {Political Methodology}, ed. Janet Box-Steffensmeier, Henry E
  Brady, and David Collier (Oxford, 2008),
  \url{http://www.oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199286546.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780199286546-e-2}.
\item
  Dan Durning {``Hajer, Maarten a. And Wagenaar, Hendrik (Eds.),
  Deliberative Policy Analysis: Understanding Governance in the Network
  Society. {Cambridge} University Press, Cambridge, 2003, 307 Pp.:
  Morçöl, Göktuğ, a New Mind for Policy Analysis: Toward a
  Post-Newtonian and Postpositivist Epistemology and Methodology.
  {Praeger} Publishers, Westport, {CT}, 2002, 275 Pp.''} \emph{Policy
  Sciences}, 37, no. 3--4 (December 2004): 357--65,
  \url{https://doi.org/10.1007/s11077-005-1765-z}.
\item
  Lawrence Wood, Phyllis Bernt, and Carol Ting {``Implementing Public
  Utility Commission Web Sites: Targeting Audiences, Missing
  Opportunities''} \emph{Public Administration Review}, 69, no. 4
  (2009): 753--63,
  \url{https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6210.2009.02022.x}.
\item
  Nicola Woods \emph{Describing Discourse: A Practical Guide to
  Discourse Analysis} (London: Hodder Arnold, 2006).
\item
  Anthony Burke {``Postmodernism,''} in The {Oxford Handbook} of
  {International Relations}, ed. Christian Reus-Smit and Duncan Snidal
  (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009),
  \url{http://oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199219322.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780199219322-e-21}.
\item
  Silvia Dominguez and Betina Hollstein, eds. \emph{Mixed Methods Social
  Networks Research}, Design and {Applications} (Cambridge: Cambridge
  University Press, 2014),
  \url{http://ebooks.cambridge.org/ref/id/CBO9781139227193}.
\item
  Andreas Wald {``Triangulation and Validity of Network Data,''} in
  Mixed {Methods Social Networks Research}, ed. Silvia Dominguez and
  Betina Hollstein (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2014),
  65--89, \url{http://ebooks.cambridge.org/ref/id/CBO9781139227193A014}.
\item
  Norman Fairclough \emph{Critical Discourse Analysis: The Critical
  Study of Language}, Language in Social Life Series (London ; New York:
  Longman, 1995).
\item
  Ruth Wodak and Michael Meyer \emph{Methods of Critical Discourse
  Studies}, 3rd edition. (Los Angeles: SAGE, 2016).
\item
  Thomas Jacobs {``The Dislocated Universe of Laclau and Mouffe: An
  Introduction to Post-Structuralist Discourse Theory''} \emph{Critical
  Review}, 30, no. 3--4 (2018): 294--315.
\end{itemize}

For more \textbf{specific methods}, methodologies, and approaches, see
the following:

\begin{itemize}
\tightlist
\item
  Mark Bevir {``Meta-Methodology: Clearing the Underbrush,''} in The
  {Oxford Handbook} of {Political Methodology}, ed. Janet
  Box-Steffensmeier, Henry E Brady, and David Collier (Oxford: Oxford
  University Press, 2009),
  \url{http://oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199286546.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780199286546-e-3}.
\item
  Jeffrey T. Checkel {``Constructivist Approaches to European
  Integration,''} Working Paper, 6 (Oslo: Arena Centre for European
  Studies, University of Oslo, February 2006).
\item
  Jeffrey T. Checkel {``Social Constructivisms in Global and European
  Politics: A Review Essay''} \emph{Review of International Studies},
  30, no. 2 (April 2004): 229--44,
  \url{https://doi.org/10.1017/S0260210504006023}.
\item
  Paul Chynoweth {``Legal Research,''} in Advanced {Research Methods} in
  the {Built Environment}, ed. Andrew Knight and Les Ruddock
  (Chichester: Blackwell, 2012), 28--38.
\item
  Robert J Franzese {``Multicausality, Context-Conditionality, and
  Endogeneity,''} in The {Oxford Handbook} of {Comparative Politics},
  ed. Carles Boix and Susan C Stokes (Oxford: Oxford University Press,
  2009),
  \url{http://oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199566020.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780199566020-e-2}.
\item
  David A. Freedman \emph{On Types of Scientific Enquiry: The Role of
  Qualitative Reasoning}, ed. Janet M. Box-Steffensmeier, Henry E.
  Brady, and David Collier, vol. 1 (Oxford University Press, 2009),
  \url{https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199286546.003.0012}.
\item
  Peter M. Haas {``Ideas, Experts and Governance,''} in The {Role} of
  `{Experts}' in {International} and {European Decision-Making
  Processes}, ed. Monika Ambrus et al., 1st ed. (Cambridge University
  Press, 2014), 19--43,
  \url{https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139871365.003}.
\item
  Sebastiaan Princen {``Studying Agenda Setting,''} in Research
  {Methods} in {European Union Studies}, ed. Kennet Lynggaard, Ian
  Manners, and Karl Löfgren (London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2015),
  123--35, \url{https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137316967_8}.
\item
  Carmen Malena and Volkhart Finn Heinrich {``Can We Measure Civil
  Society? {A} Proposed Methodology for International Comparative
  Research''} \emph{Development in Practice}, 17, no. 3 (June 2007):
  338--52, \url{https://doi.org/10.1080/09614520701336766}.
\item
  Joel Quirk {``Historical Methods,''} in The {Oxford Handbook} of
  {International Relations}, ed. Christian Reus-Smit and Duncan Snidal
  (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009),
  \url{http://oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199219322.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780199219322-e-30}.
\item
  Frank Vibert {``The Need for a Systemic Approach,''} in The {Oxford
  Handbook} of {Public Accountability}, ed. Mark Bovens, Robert E
  Goodin, and Thomas Schillemans (Oxford: Oxford University Press,
  2014),
  \url{http://www.oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199641253.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780199641253-e-001}.
\item
  Wolfram Kaiser and Jan-Henrik Meyer, eds. \emph{Societal Actors in
  European Integration} (Palgrave Macmillan, 2013),
  \url{http://www.palgraveconnect.com/doifinder/10.1057/9781137017659}.
\item
  Wolfram Kaiser and Jan-Henrik Meyer {``Beyond Governments and
  Supranational Institutions: Societal Actors in European
  Integration,''} in Societal {Actors} in {European Integration}, ed.
  Wolfram Kaiser and Jan-Henrik Meyer (Palgrave Macmillan, 2013), 1--14,
  \url{http://www.palgraveconnect.com/doifinder/10.1057/9781137017659}.
\item
  Andrew H Kydd {``Methodological Individualism and Rational Choice,''}
  in The {Oxford Handbook} of {International Relations}, ed. Christian
  Reus-Smit and Duncan Snidal (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009),
  \url{http://oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199219322.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780199219322-e-25}.
\item
  Eeva Luhtakallio and Nina Eliasoph {``Ethnography of Politics and
  Political Communication,''} in The {Oxford Handbook} of {Political
  Communication}, ed. Kate Kenski and Kathleen Hall Jamieson (Oxford
  University Press, 2014),
  \url{http://www.oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199793471.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780199793471-e-28}.
\item
  Jamie Peck and Nik Theodore {``Follow the Policy: A Distended Case
  Approach''} \emph{Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space}, 44,
  no. 1 (January 1, 2012): 21--30, \url{https://doi.org/10.1068/a44179}.
\item
  Caterina Carta \emph{{EU} Foreign Policy Through the Lens of Discourse
  Analysis: Making Sense of Diversity}, 1st ed. (Routledge, 2016),
  \url{https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315580692}.;Teun A. van Dijk
  \emph{Discourse as Social Interaction} (London: Sage, 1997).
\item
  Teun A. van Dijk \emph{Discourse Studies: A Multidisciplinary
  Introduction} (London: Sage, 2012).
\item
  Margarett Hermann {``Content Analysis,''} in Qualitative {Methods} in
  {International Relations} : {A Pluralist Guide} (Basingstoke: Palgrave
  Macmillan, 2008), 151--67.
\item
  James Paul Gee \emph{How to Do Discourse Analysis. {A} Toolkit}
  (London: Routledge, 2011).
\item
  Ken Hyland and Brian Paltridge \emph{Continuum Companion to Discourse
  Analysis}, Continuum Companions (London ; Continuum International Pub.
  Group, 2011).
\item
  Ruth Wodak and Michał Krzyżanowski \emph{Qualitative Discourse
  Analysis in the Social Sciences} (Basingstoke {[}etc: Palgrave
  Macmillan, 2008).
\end{itemize}

\phantomsection\label{refs}
\begin{CSLReferences}{1}{0}
\bibitem[\citeproctext]{ref-bailer2014a}
Bailer, Stefanie. {``Interviews and Surveys in Legislative Research.''}
In The {Oxford Handbook} of {Legislative Studies}, edited by Shane
Martin, Thomas Saalfeld, and Kaare W Strøm. Oxford University Press,
2014.
\url{http://www.oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199653010.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780199653010-e-011}.

\bibitem[\citeproctext]{ref-bates2009}
Bates, Robert H. {``From Case Studies to Social Science: A Strategy for
Political Research.''} In The {Oxford Handbook} of {Comparative
Politics}, edited by Carles Boix and Susan C Stokes. Oxford: Oxford
University Press, 2009.
\url{http://oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199566020.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780199566020-e-7}.

\bibitem[\citeproctext]{ref-bennett2006}
Bennett, Andrew, and Colin Elman. {``Qualitative Research: Recent
Developments in Case Study Methods''} \emph{Annual Review of Political
Science}, 9, no. 1 (June 1, 2006): 455--76.
\url{https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.polisci.8.082103.104918}.

\bibitem[\citeproctext]{ref-bennett2008}
Bennett, Sue, Karl Maton, and Lisa Kervin. {``The {`Digital Natives'}
Debate: A Critical Review of the Evidence''} \emph{British Journal of
Educational Technology}, 39, no. 5 (September 2008): 775--86.
\url{https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8535.2007.00793.x}.

\bibitem[\citeproctext]{ref-bevir2006}
Bevir, Mark. \emph{Governance Stories}. London: Routledge, 2006.
\url{https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203969090}.

\bibitem[\citeproctext]{ref-bevir2009}
---------. {``Meta-Methodology: Clearing the Underbrush.''} In The
{Oxford Handbook} of {Political Methodology}, edited by Janet
Box-Steffensmeier, Henry E Brady, and David Collier. Oxford: Oxford
University Press, 2009.
\url{http://oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199286546.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780199286546-e-3}.

\bibitem[\citeproctext]{ref-bogner2018}
Bogner, Alexander, Beate Littig, and Wolfgang Menz. {``Generating
Qualitative Data with Experts and Elites.''} In The {SAGE Handbook} of
{Qualitative Data Collection}, 652--65. London: SAGE Publications Ltd,
2018. \url{https://doi.org/10.4135/9781526416070}.

\bibitem[\citeproctext]{ref-bogner2009}
---------, eds. \emph{Interviewing Experts}. London: Palgrave Macmillan,
2009.

\bibitem[\citeproctext]{ref-booth2008}
Booth, Wayne C., Gregory G. Colomb, and Joseph M. Williams. \emph{The
Craft of Research}. Third edition. Chicago: University of Chicago Press,
2008.

\bibitem[\citeproctext]{ref-bruter2013}
Bruter, Michael, and Martin Lodge. \emph{The Palgrave Macmillan
Political Science Research Methods in Action}. Houndmills, Basingstoke,
Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan, 2013.
\url{http://site.ebrary.com/id/10753305}.

\bibitem[\citeproctext]{ref-burke2009}
Burke, Anthony. {``Postmodernism.''} In The {Oxford Handbook} of
{International Relations}, edited by Christian Reus-Smit and Duncan
Snidal. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009.
\url{http://oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199219322.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780199219322-e-21}.

\bibitem[\citeproctext]{ref-carta2016}
Carta, Caterina. \emph{{EU} Foreign Policy Through the Lens of Discourse
Analysis: Making Sense of Diversity}. 1st ed. Routledge, 2016.
\url{https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315580692}.

\bibitem[\citeproctext]{ref-checkel2006a}
Checkel, Jeffrey T. {``Constructivist Approaches to European
Integration.''} Working Paper. \emph{6}. Oslo: Arena Centre for European
Studies, University of Oslo, February 2006.

\bibitem[\citeproctext]{ref-checkel2008}
---------. {``Process Tracing.''} In Qualitative {Methods} in
{International Relations}: {A Pluralist Guide}, edited by Audie Klotz
and Deepa Prakash, 114--27. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2008.
\url{https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230584129_8}.

\bibitem[\citeproctext]{ref-checkel2004}
---------. {``Social Constructivisms in Global and European Politics: A
Review Essay''} \emph{Review of International Studies}, 30, no. 2 (April
2004): 229--44. \url{https://doi.org/10.1017/S0260210504006023}.

\bibitem[\citeproctext]{ref-chynoweth2012a}
Chynoweth, Paul. {``Legal Research.''} In Advanced {Research Methods} in
the {Built Environment}, edited by Andrew Knight and Les Ruddock,
28--38. Chichester: Blackwell, 2012.

\bibitem[\citeproctext]{ref-collier2011}
Collier, David. {``Understanding Process Tracing''} \emph{PS: Political
Science \& Politics}, 44, no. 04 (October 2011): 823--30.
\url{https://doi.org/10.1017/S1049096511001429}.

\bibitem[\citeproctext]{ref-collier2009}
Collier, David, and Colin Elman. {``Qualitative and Multimethod
Research: Organizations, Publication, and Reflections on Integration.''}
In The {Oxford Handbook} of {Political Methodology}, edited by Janet
Box-Steffensmeier, Henry E Brady, and David Collier. Oxford: Oxford
University Press, 2009.
\url{http://oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199286546.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780199286546-e-34}.

\bibitem[\citeproctext]{ref-curini2020}
Curini, Luigi, and Robert Franzese. \emph{The {SAGE} Handbook of
Research Methods in Political Science and International Relations}. 2
vols. London: SAGE Publications, 2020.
\url{https://doi.org/10.4135/9781526486387}.

\bibitem[\citeproctext]{ref-dellaporta2008}
Della Porta, Donatella, and Michael Keating, eds. {``Contents.''} In
Approaches and {Methodologies} in the {Social Sciences}: {A Pluralist
Perspective}, vii--viii. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008.
\url{https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/approaches-and-methodologies-in-the-social-sciences/contents/2A25113FF8039E314EFBEFDA5625C883}.

\bibitem[\citeproctext]{ref-denscombe2010}
Denscombe, Martyn. \emph{Ground Rules for Social Research: Guidelines
for Good Practice}. 2. ed. Open {Up} Study Skills. Maidenhead: Open
Univ. Press, McGraw-Hill, 2010.

\bibitem[\citeproctext]{ref-vandijk1997}
Dijk, Teun A. van. \emph{Discourse as Social Interaction}. London: Sage,
1997.

\bibitem[\citeproctext]{ref-vandijk2012}
---------. \emph{Discourse Studies: A Multidisciplinary Introduction}.
London: Sage, 2012.

\bibitem[\citeproctext]{ref-dominguez2014}
Dominguez, Silvia, and Betina Hollstein, eds. \emph{Mixed Methods Social
Networks Research}. Design and {Applications}. Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press, 2014.
\url{http://ebooks.cambridge.org/ref/id/CBO9781139227193}.

\bibitem[\citeproctext]{ref-dorussen2005a}
Dorussen, Han, Hartmut Lenz, and Spyros Blavoukos. {``Assessing the
Reliability and Validity of Expert Interviews''} \emph{European Union
Politics}, 6, no. 3 (September 2005): 315--37.
\url{https://doi.org/10.1177/1465116505054835}.

\bibitem[\citeproctext]{ref-durning2004}
Durning, Dan. {``Hajer, Maarten a. And Wagenaar, Hendrik (Eds.),
Deliberative Policy Analysis: Understanding Governance in the Network
Society. {Cambridge} University Press, Cambridge, 2003, 307 Pp.: Morçöl,
Göktuğ, a New Mind for Policy Analysis: Toward a Post-Newtonian and
Postpositivist Epistemology and Methodology. {Praeger} Publishers,
Westport, {CT}, 2002, 275 Pp.''} \emph{Policy Sciences}, 37, no. 3--4
(December 2004): 357--65.
\url{https://doi.org/10.1007/s11077-005-1765-z}.

\bibitem[\citeproctext]{ref-fairclough1995}
Fairclough, Norman. \emph{Critical Discourse Analysis: The Critical
Study of Language}. Language in Social Life Series. London ; New York:
Longman, 1995.

\bibitem[\citeproctext]{ref-franzese2009a}
Franzese, Robert J. {``Multicausality, Context-Conditionality, and
Endogeneity.''} In The {Oxford Handbook} of {Comparative Politics},
edited by Carles Boix and Susan C Stokes. Oxford: Oxford University
Press, 2009.
\url{http://oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199566020.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780199566020-e-2}.

\bibitem[\citeproctext]{ref-freedman2009}
Freedman, David A. \emph{On Types of Scientific Enquiry: The Role of
Qualitative Reasoning}. Edited by Janet M. Box-Steffensmeier, Henry E.
Brady, and David Collier. Vol. 1. Oxford University Press, 2009.
\url{https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199286546.003.0012}.

\bibitem[\citeproctext]{ref-gee2011}
Gee, James Paul. \emph{How to Do Discourse Analysis. {A} Toolkit}.
London: Routledge, 2011.

\bibitem[\citeproctext]{ref-gerring2009}
Gerring, John. {``The Case Study: What It Is and What It Does.''} In The
{Oxford Handbook} of {Comparative Politics}, edited by Carles Boix and
Susan C. Stokes, 91--122. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009.
\url{https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199566020.003.0004}.

\bibitem[\citeproctext]{ref-guthrie2010c}
Guthrie, Gerard. {``Approaches to Research.''} In Basic {Research
Methods}: {An Entry} to {Social Science Research}, 3--14. SAGE
Publications, 2010.

\bibitem[\citeproctext]{ref-guthrie2010a}
---------. {``Research Methodology.''} In Basic {Research Methods}: {An
Entry} to {Social Science Research}, 38--50. SAGE Publications, 2010.

\bibitem[\citeproctext]{ref-guthrie2010}
---------. {``Research Proposal and Literature Review.''} In Basic
{Research Methods}: {An Entry} to {Social Science Research}, 25--37.
SAGE Publications, 2010.

\bibitem[\citeproctext]{ref-haas2014}
Haas, Peter M. {``Ideas, Experts and Governance.''} In The {Role} of
`{Experts}' in {International} and {European Decision-Making Processes},
edited by Monika Ambrus, Karin Arts, Ellen Hey, and Helena Raulus, 1st
ed., 19--43. Cambridge University Press, 2014.
\url{https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139871365.003}.

\bibitem[\citeproctext]{ref-hardin2008}
Hardin, Russell. {``Normative Methodology.''} In The {Oxford Handbook}
of {Political Methodology}, edited by Janet Box-Steffensmeier, Henry E
Brady, and David Collier. Oxford, 2008.
\url{http://www.oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199286546.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780199286546-e-2}.

\bibitem[\citeproctext]{ref-hay2002}
Hay, Colin, and Ben Rosamond. {``Globalization, European Integration and
the Discursive Construction of Economic Imperatives''} \emph{Journal of
European Public Policy}, 9, no. 2 (January 1, 2002): 147--67.
\url{https://doi.org/10.1080/13501760110120192}.

\bibitem[\citeproctext]{ref-heinrich2011}
Heinrich, Carolyn J, and Carolyn J Hill. {``Multilevel Methods in the
Study of Bureaucracy.''} In The {Oxford Handbook} of {American
Bureaucracy}, edited by Robert F Durant. Oxford University Press, 2011.
\url{http://oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199238958.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780199238958-e-21}.

\bibitem[\citeproctext]{ref-hermann2008}
Hermann, Margarett. {``Content Analysis.''} In Qualitative {Methods} in
{International Relations} : {A Pluralist Guide}, 151--67. Basingstoke:
Palgrave Macmillan, 2008.

\bibitem[\citeproctext]{ref-hyland2011}
Hyland, Ken, and Brian Paltridge. \emph{Continuum Companion to Discourse
Analysis}. Continuum Companions. London ; Continuum International Pub.
Group, 2011.

\bibitem[\citeproctext]{ref-jacobs2018}
Jacobs, Thomas. {``The Dislocated Universe of Laclau and Mouffe: An
Introduction to Post-Structuralist Discourse Theory''} \emph{Critical
Review}, 30, no. 3--4 (2018): 294--315.

\bibitem[\citeproctext]{ref-jones2008a}
Jones, Bradford S. {``Multilevel Models.''} In The {Oxford Handbook} of
{Political Methodology}, edited by Janet Box-Steffensmeier, Henry E
Brady, and David Collier. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008.
\url{http://www.oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199286546.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780199286546-e-26}.

\bibitem[\citeproctext]{ref-kaiser2013a}
Kaiser, Wolfram, and Jan-Henrik Meyer. {``Beyond Governments and
Supranational Institutions: Societal Actors in European Integration.''}
In Societal {Actors} in {European Integration}, edited by Wolfram Kaiser
and Jan-Henrik Meyer, 1--14. Palgrave Macmillan, 2013.
\url{http://www.palgraveconnect.com/doifinder/10.1057/9781137017659}.

\bibitem[\citeproctext]{ref-kaiser2013}
---------, eds. \emph{Societal Actors in European Integration}. Palgrave
Macmillan, 2013.
\url{http://www.palgraveconnect.com/doifinder/10.1057/9781137017659}.

\bibitem[\citeproctext]{ref-klotz2008}
Klotz, Audie, and Deepa Prakash, eds. \emph{Qualitative Methods in
International Relations: A Pluralist Guide}. London: Palgrave Macmillan
UK, 2008. \url{https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230584129}.

\bibitem[\citeproctext]{ref-kronsell2015}
Kronsell, Annica, and Ian Manners. {``Single Policy Study: Three
Variations in Design.''} In Research {Methods} in {European Union
Studies}, edited by Kennet Lynggaard, Ian Manners, and Karl Löfgren,
86--101. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2015.
\url{https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137316967_6}.

\bibitem[\citeproctext]{ref-kydd2009}
Kydd, Andrew H. {``Methodological Individualism and Rational Choice.''}
In The {Oxford Handbook} of {International Relations}, edited by
Christian Reus-Smit and Duncan Snidal. Oxford: Oxford University Press,
2009.
\url{http://oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199219322.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780199219322-e-25}.

\bibitem[\citeproctext]{ref-luhtakallio2014}
Luhtakallio, Eeva, and Nina Eliasoph. {``Ethnography of Politics and
Political Communication.''} In The {Oxford Handbook} of {Political
Communication}, edited by Kate Kenski and Kathleen Hall Jamieson. Oxford
University Press, 2014.
\url{http://www.oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199793471.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780199793471-e-28}.

\bibitem[\citeproctext]{ref-lynggaard2015}
Lynggaard, Kennet, Karl Löfgren, and Ian Manners. {``Crossroads in
European Union Studies.''} In Research {Methods} in {European Union
Studies}, edited by Kennet Lynggaard, Ian Manners, and Karl Löfgren,
3--17. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2015.
\url{https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137316967_1}.

\bibitem[\citeproctext]{ref-malena2007a}
Malena, Carmen, and Volkhart Finn Heinrich. {``Can We Measure Civil
Society? {A} Proposed Methodology for International Comparative
Research''} \emph{Development in Practice}, 17, no. 3 (June 2007):
338--52. \url{https://doi.org/10.1080/09614520701336766}.

\bibitem[\citeproctext]{ref-oliver2014a}
Oliver, Paul. {``The Literature Review.''} In Writing {Your Thesis},
Third Edition., 124--40. London: SAGE Publications, 2014.
\url{https://doi.org/10.4135/9781446294994}.

\bibitem[\citeproctext]{ref-peck2012}
Peck, Jamie, and Nik Theodore. {``Follow the Policy: A Distended Case
Approach''} \emph{Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space}, 44,
no. 1 (January 1, 2012): 21--30. \url{https://doi.org/10.1068/a44179}.

\bibitem[\citeproctext]{ref-pouliot2014}
Pouliot, Vincent. {``Practice Tracing.''} In Process {Tracing}, edited
by Andrew Bennett and Jeffrey T. Checkel, 237--59. Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press, 2014.
\url{https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139858472.013}.

\bibitem[\citeproctext]{ref-princen2015}
Princen, Sebastiaan. {``Studying Agenda Setting.''} In Research
{Methods} in {European Union Studies}, edited by Kennet Lynggaard, Ian
Manners, and Karl Löfgren, 123--35. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2015.
\url{https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137316967_8}.

\bibitem[\citeproctext]{ref-quirk2009}
Quirk, Joel. {``Historical Methods.''} In The {Oxford Handbook} of
{International Relations}, edited by Christian Reus-Smit and Duncan
Snidal. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009.
\url{http://oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199219322.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780199219322-e-30}.

\bibitem[\citeproctext]{ref-rosamond2015}
Rosamond, Ben. {``Methodology in European Union Studies.''} In Research
{Methods} in {European Union Studies}, edited by Kennet Lynggaard, Ian
Manners, and Karl Löfgren, 18--36. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2015.
\url{https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137316967_2}.

\bibitem[\citeproctext]{ref-schmitter2008}
Schmitter, Philippe. {``The Design of Social and Political Research.''}
In Approaches and {Methodologies} in the {Social Sciences}: {A Pluralist
Perspective}, edited by Donatella Della Porta and Michael Keating,
263--95. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008.
\url{https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511801938.015}.

\bibitem[\citeproctext]{ref-thody2006a}
Thody, Angela. \emph{Writing and Presenting Research}. London: SAGE,
2006.

\bibitem[\citeproctext]{ref-vennesson2008}
Vennesson, Pascal. {``Case Studies and Process Tracing: Theories and
Practices.''} In Approaches and {Methodologies} in the {Social
Sciences}: {A Pluralist Perspective}, edited by Donatella Della Porta
and Michael Keating, 223--39. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,
2008. \url{https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511801938.013}.

\bibitem[\citeproctext]{ref-vibert2014}
Vibert, Frank. {``The Need for a Systemic Approach.''} In The {Oxford
Handbook} of {Public Accountability}, edited by Mark Bovens, Robert E
Goodin, and Thomas Schillemans. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014.
\url{http://www.oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199641253.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780199641253-e-001}.

\bibitem[\citeproctext]{ref-wald2014}
Wald, Andreas. {``Triangulation and Validity of Network Data.''} In
Mixed {Methods Social Networks Research}, edited by Silvia Dominguez and
Betina Hollstein, 65--89. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2014.
\url{http://ebooks.cambridge.org/ref/id/CBO9781139227193A014}.

\bibitem[\citeproctext]{ref-wodak2008}
Wodak, Ruth, and Michał Krzyżanowski. \emph{Qualitative Discourse
Analysis in the Social Sciences}. Basingstoke {[}etc: Palgrave
Macmillan, 2008.

\bibitem[\citeproctext]{ref-wodak2016}
Wodak, Ruth, and Michael Meyer. \emph{Methods of Critical Discourse
Studies}. 3rd edition. Los Angeles: SAGE, 2016.

\bibitem[\citeproctext]{ref-wood2009}
Wood, Lawrence, Phyllis Bernt, and Carol Ting. {``Implementing Public
Utility Commission Web Sites: Targeting Audiences, Missing
Opportunities''} \emph{Public Administration Review}, 69, no. 4 (2009):
753--63. \url{https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6210.2009.02022.x}.

\bibitem[\citeproctext]{ref-woods2006a}
Woods, Nicola. \emph{Describing Discourse: A Practical Guide to
Discourse Analysis}. London: Hodder Arnold, 2006.

\bibitem[\citeproctext]{ref-yang2014}
Yang, Kaifeng. {``Qualitative Analysis.''} In The {Oxford Handbook} of
{Public Accountability}, edited by Mark Bovens, Robert E Goodin, and
Thomas Schillemans. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014.
\url{http://www.oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199641253.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780199641253-e-040}.

\end{CSLReferences}




\end{document}
